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Epifluorescence is an optical set-up for a fluorescence microscope in which the objective lens is used both to focus ultraviolet light on the specimen and collect fluorescent light from the specimen. Epifluorescence is more efficient than transmitted fluorescence, in which a separate lens or condenser is used to focus ultraviolet light on the specimen. Epifluorescence also allows fluorescence microscopy to be combined with another type on the same microscope.
Epifluorescence is a type of excitation-emission configuration, in which both the illumination and emission light travel through the objective. The key to the optics in an epifluorescence microscope is the separation of the illumination (excitation) light from the fluorescence emission emanating from the sample. In order to obtain either an image of the emission without excessive background illumination, or a measurement of the fluorescence emission without background "noise", the optical elements used to separate these two light components must be very efficient.
A fluorescence microscope uses a mercury or xenon lamp to produce ultraviolet light. The light comes into the microscope and hits a dichroic mirror -- a mirror that reflects one range of wavelengths and allows another range to pass through. The dichroic mirror reflects the ultraviolet light up to the specimen. The ultraviolet light excites fluorescence within molecules in the specimen. The objective lens collects the fluorescent-wavelength light produced. This fluorescent light passes through the dichroic mirror and a barrier filter (that eliminates wavelengths other than fluorescent), making it to the eyepiece to form the image. |